For the next thirteen years, the Qur’an was revealed to the Prophet (peace
be upon him) and he preached the Word of Allah to the people of Mecca,
inviting them to abandon idolatry and become monotheists. A few of them,
ranging between 80 and 200 persons, accepted his call. Yet, most of the
people of Mecca, particularly those of his own tribe, opposed him
violently. They saw in the new religion a grave danger to their economic
and social domination based upon their control of Mecca and especially
the Ka`bah. The new Muslims were tortured and even killed because they
said that Allah is
One and that they should abandon a sinful life in submission to Allah
Alone. Nevertheless, the Prophet (peace be upon him) continued calling
people to Islam and gradually a larger number of men and women began to
accept the new faith and submit themselves to its teachings.
An interesting event happened after some of the nobles of Quraish
accepted Islam, such as `Umar ibn Al-Khattab and Hamzah ibn
`Abdul-Muttalib. The people of Quraish gathered and decided that since
Muhammad is from the Quraish and he is of noble lineage, they will use
this to save their lifestyle and control of Makkah. They decided to go
to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and offer him the dominion of Makkah
as the king of the Quraish. They promised him all he could desire if he
would just simply give up his message. But in their ignorance, they
didn’t realize his faith and sincerity. He told them: “If you put the
Sun in my right hand and the moon in my left hand, I will never leave
the call of my Lord.” (Al-Bayhaqi)
The Meccan period revelations consisted of defining true monotheism,
correcting the peoples corrupt beliefs, calling to accountability for
our sins, describing the reality of life after death, calling to good
morals and ethics, teaching people about the previous Prophet’s, and
describing the creation of the heavens and the earth as well as all the
blessings Allah has given us.
In 622 A. C., after long period of humiliation, torture and attacks
as well as assassination attempts at the Prophet (peace be upon him),
Allah commanded the Muslims to migrate to Yathrib, a city north of
Mecca. The Prophet (peace be upon him) sent a small delegation headed by
Mus`ab ibn `Umair to call the people of Yathrib to Islam first. Mus`ab
did a good job in convincing the major tribe heads of Yathrib to accept
Islam by reciting the Qur’an to them and explaining it as Allah’s
Messenger (peace be upon him) had. The Prophet (peace be upon him)
followed the Divine Command and left with his followers for that city
which was to be called from then on “Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah”.
This event was so momentous that the Islamic calendar begins with
this migration (Hijrah). In Madinah, the Prophet (peace be upon him) and
his companions established the first Islamic state which should serve
as the model for all later Islamic societies. Sadly, most Muslim
societies today run much differently than the way the Prophet and the
righteous Caliphs did in their days. This sad reality has led to
weakness, ignorance, poverty and injustice among Muslim communities.
In Mecca, `Umar ibn Al-Khattab asked the Prophet about why Muslims do
not assemble an army and take revenge upon the pagans who had oppressed
them. The Prophet (peace be upon him) told him that this is not the
time for such an idea. After the Prophet and his companions settled in
Madinah, the pagans of Mecca began plotting to attack the Muslims.
Muslim informants from Mecca warned Madinah of this plot. After praying
for Allah’s guidance, the command came from the Heavens to Muslims to
defend themselves and secure Madinah.
So, they set out to an area called Badr between Makkah and Madinah
for the sake of Allah and intercepted the pagans who were 1000+ and
heavily armed. The Muslims were 300+ with mostly swords and spears and
little armor. In the end, the faith of the believers was more powerful
and Divine Assistance took place. After this, there were 2 more major
battles which consisted of the pagans coming to surround Makkah with
3000+ men at the mountain of Uhud and later the Jewish tribes gathered
4000 soldiers with the pagans of 6000+ surrounding Madinah. All of these
attacks on the believers were unsuccessful in stopping Islam and
Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him).
Arabia becomes Islamic
Throughout these battles and especially afterwards, when it became
apparent that divine help is in favor of the believers, more tribes
began to join Islam and within a few years most of Arabia had embraced
Islam. The believers showed perseverance through the relentless efforts
of the pagans and Jews to attack Islam and the Muslims. After the pagans
broke a peace treaty initiated by Muhammad (peace
be upon him) by killing a group of Muslims, the Prophet was commanded
by Allah to go to Mecca with an army of 10,000 in order to finally
return it back to its roots of monotheism and free it from paganism and
oppression until the Day of Judgment.
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