Imam al-Quduri
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Brief Biography of Imam al-Quduri. He is Abu’l-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad
ibn Ahmad ibn Ja`far ibn Hamdan al-Quduri al-Baghdadi, the Hanafi
jurist, born 362 AH. Al-Quduri is an ascription to the selling of pots
(qudur). Abu’l-Hasan al-Quduri took his knowledge of fiqh from Abu
`Abdillah Muhammad ibn al-Jurjani, from Abu Bakr al-Razi, from
Abu’l-Hasan al-Karkhi, from Abu Sa`id al-Barda`i from `Ali al-Daqqaq,
from Abu Sahl Musa ibn Nasr al-Razi, from Muhammad ibn al-Hasan
al-Shaybani, from Abu Hanifah, from Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, from
Ibrahim al-Nakha`i, from `Alqamah, from `Abdullah ibn Mas`ud (may Allah
be pleased with him) from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and his
Household and grant them all peace). Al-Quduri was one of the ashab
al-tarjih (jurists who weighed and analyzed the strengths of differing
verdicts in the madhhab). The leadership of the Hanafis in `Iraq came
to rest with him, and his renown rose. His mention recurs in the
well-known Hanafi books al-Hidayah and al-Khulasah. He died on 15th
Rajab 428 AH in Baghdad, and was buried in his home, but was later
transported and buried beside Abu Bakr al-Khawarizmi, another Hanafi
jurist.
He authored: al-Mukhtasar, the fiqh
summary bearing his name. Sharh Mukhtasar al-Karkhi, al-Tajrid, in seven
volumes, encompassing the disagreed issues between the Hanafis and
Shafi`is. al-Taqrib, also in issues of disagreement, a summary which he
compiled for his son, and other works.
Perhaps al-Quduri’s most famous work, Al-Mukhtasar is also known as
al-Kitab. The number of issues it addresses is 12,500, spanning the
entire spectrum of fiqh, for the book covers not only matters of
worship, but also business transactions, personal relations and penal
and judicial matters. Abu `Ali al-Shashi said about the book, “Whoever
memorizes this book is the best accomplished of our associates in
memorization, and whoever understands it is the best accomplished of our
associates in understanding.” As is common with fiqh summary texts
(mutun, singular : matn), the book generally does not make a point of
providing evidences and derivations of the regulations. The bases and
reasonings behind the verdicts presented can be pursued in more advanced
books of the madhhab, and also require some knowledge of usul al-fiqh.
The traditional method of learning is for young people to first study
(and often memorize) a basic matn, then later go back and study each
issue in more detail, and/or along with the evidences. It is related
that when al-Quduri wrote this book, he carried it with him to the
Ka`bah, and hung it from its curtains. He asked Allah the Exalted to
bless him in it, and this prayer was apparently fulfilled. The book is
recognized and respected as a reliable book of the school, and has had
various commentaries written on it. Along with Muhammad ibn al-Hasan’s
Al-Jami` al-Saghir, it formed the nucleus of al-Marghinani’s
widely-renowned Al-Hidayah – which itself was commentated on by numerous
scholars, among the more famous of them Hafiz Badr al-Din al-`Ayni (the
author of the commentary on al-Bukhari `Umdat al-Qari) in…
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